diff --git a/coord/fwd.hpp b/coord/fwd.hpp
index 782805a8..3d144148 100644
--- a/coord/fwd.hpp
+++ b/coord/fwd.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 #define __UTIL_COORD_FWD_HPP
 
 namespace util {
-    template <size_t S, typename T> struct colour;
-    template <size_t S, typename T> struct extent;
-    template <size_t S, typename T> struct point;
-    template <size_t S, typename T> struct vector;
+    template <size_t,typename> struct colour;
+    template <size_t,typename> struct extent;
+    template <size_t,typename> struct point;
+    template <size_t,typename> struct quaternion;
+    template <size_t,typename> struct vector;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/coord/ops.hpp b/coord/ops.hpp
index 1352cb99..34e041fe 100644
--- a/coord/ops.hpp
+++ b/coord/ops.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef __UTIL_COORDS_OPS
 #define __UTIL_COORDS_OPS
 
+#include "./fwd.hpp"
+
 #include "../preprocessor.hpp"
 #include "../maths.hpp"
 #include "../types/bits.hpp"
@@ -25,13 +27,6 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 namespace util {
-    // forward declerations for traits
-    template <size_t,typename> struct point;
-    template <size_t,typename> struct extent;
-    template <size_t,typename> struct vector;
-    template <size_t,typename> struct colour;
-    template <size_t,typename> struct quaternion;
-
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // operation traits
     namespace coord {