diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 4f806b76..1252a745 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ list (
     posix/dir.cpp
     posix/dir.hpp
     posix/dir.ipp
+    posix/except.cpp
+    posix/except.hpp
     posix/fd.cpp
     posix/fd.hpp
 )
@@ -120,6 +122,8 @@ if (WINDOWS)
         library_win32.hpp
         library_win32.cpp
         time_win32.cpp
+        win32/except.cpp
+        win32/except.hpp
         win32/handle.cpp
         win32/handle.hpp
         win32/registry.hpp
@@ -201,8 +205,6 @@ list (
     debug.ipp
     endian.cpp
     endian.hpp
-    except.cpp
-    except.hpp
     exe.hpp
     extent.cpp
     extent.hpp
diff --git a/backtrace_stackwalk.cpp b/backtrace_stackwalk.cpp
index 2cd14020..a1535d0f 100644
--- a/backtrace_stackwalk.cpp
+++ b/backtrace_stackwalk.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "debug.hpp"
 #include "except.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
+#include "win32/error.hpp"
 
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <dbghelp.h>
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ backtrace::backtrace ()
                           SymGetModuleBase64,
                           nullptr))
         {
-            util::win32_error::throw_code ();
+            util::win32::error::throw_code ();
         }
 
         // we've read the bottom of the stack
diff --git a/backtrace_win32.cpp b/backtrace_win32.cpp
index 378ac7c6..5ed8aee8 100644
--- a/backtrace_win32.cpp
+++ b/backtrace_win32.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "backtrace.hpp"
 
+#include "win32/error.hpp"
 #include "win32/handle.hpp"
 #include "debug.hpp"
 #include "except.hpp"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ debug::backtrace::backtrace (void)
 
     auto process = GetCurrentProcess();
     if (!SymInitialize (process, NULL, TRUE))
-        util::win32_error::throw_code ();
+        util::win32::error::throw_code ();
 
     while (true) {
         auto res = CaptureStackBackTrace (1, m_frames.size (), m_frames.data (), NULL);
diff --git a/debug_win32.cpp b/debug_win32.cpp
index bc785ed0..5e97fd0e 100644
--- a/debug_win32.cpp
+++ b/debug_win32.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "except.hpp"
 #include "log.hpp"
 #include "except.hpp"
+#include "win32/error.hpp"
 
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ prepare_debugger (void)
 {
     if (nullptr == LoadLibrary("exchndl.dll")) {
         auto code = GetLastError ();
-        LOG_WARNING("Emergency debugger not loaded: %s", util::win32_error::code_string (code));
+        LOG_WARNING("Emergency debugger not loaded: %s", util::win32::error::code_string (code));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/except.cpp b/except.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 11887d50..00000000
--- a/except.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- * Copyright 2010 Danny Robson <danny@nerdcruft.net>
- */
-
-#include "except.hpp"
-
-#include "debug.hpp"
-#include "platform.hpp"
-
-#include <cstring>
-#include <cerrno>
-
-using util::errno_error;
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-/// Construct an errno_error from a given error value. The error value MUST signal an error at
-/// construction time.
-errno_error::errno_error (int _code):
-    runtime_error (strerror (_code)),
-    m_code (_code)
-{
-    CHECK_NEQ (_code, 0);
-}
-
-
-///----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/// Construct an errno_error from the current value of errno. errno MUST signal an error at
-/// construction time.
-errno_error::errno_error ():
-    errno_error (last_code ())
-{
-    CHECK_NEQ (m_code, 0);
-}
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-int
-errno_error::last_code (void)
-{
-    return errno;
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-int
-errno_error::code (void) const
-{
-    return m_code;
-}
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-/// Throw an errno_error exception if errno currently signals an error.
-void
-errno_error::try_code (void)
-{
-    try_code (last_code ());
-}
-
-
-///----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/// Throw an errno_error exception if 'code' represents an error.
-void
-errno_error::try_code (int code)
-{
-    if (__builtin_expect (code != 0, false))
-        throw errno_error(code);
-}
-
-
-///----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void
-errno_error::throw_code (void)
-{
-    throw_code (last_code ());
-}
-
-
-///----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void
-errno_error::throw_code (int code)
-{
-    CHECK_NEQ (code, 0);
-    throw errno_error (code);
-}
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-#if defined(PLATFORM_WIN32)
-
-using util::win32_error;
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-win32_error::win32_error (DWORD _code):
-    runtime_error (code_string (_code)),
-    m_code (_code)
-{
-    CHECK_NEQ (m_code, (DWORD)ERROR_SUCCESS);
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-win32_error::win32_error (void):
-    win32_error (last_code ())
-{ ; }
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-DWORD
-win32_error::code (void) const
-{
-    return m_code;
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-DWORD
-win32_error::last_code (void)
-{
-    return GetLastError ();
-}
-
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-void
-win32_error::try_code (void)
-{
-    try_code (last_code ());
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void
-win32_error::try_code (DWORD id)
-{
-    if (__builtin_expect (id != ERROR_SUCCESS, false))
-        throw_code (id);
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void
-win32_error::throw_code (void)
-{
-    throw_code (last_code ());
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void
-win32_error::throw_code (DWORD code)
-{
-    CHECK_NEQ (code, (DWORD)ERROR_SUCCESS);
-    throw win32_error (code);
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-std::string
-win32_error::code_string (void)
-{
-    return code_string (last_code ());
-}
-
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-std::string
-win32_error::code_string (DWORD code)
-{
-    char message[256];
-
-    auto res = FormatMessage (
-        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
-        NULL,
-        code,
-        MAKELANGID (LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
-        message,
-        std::size (message),
-        NULL
-    );
-
-    if (res == 0) {
-        win32_error::throw_code ();
-    }
-
-    return std::string (message, message + res);
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/except.hpp b/except.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d33203b..00000000
--- a/except.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- * Copyright 2010 Danny Robson <danny@nerdcruft.net>
- */
-
-
-#ifndef __EXCEPT_HPP
-#define __EXCEPT_HPP
-
-#include "platform.hpp"
-
-#include <stdexcept>
-
-namespace util {
-    class input_error : public std::runtime_error {
-        public:
-            explicit input_error (const std::string &_what):
-                    runtime_error (_what)
-            { ; }
-    };
-
-
-    class output_error : public std::runtime_error {
-        public:
-            explicit output_error (const std::string &_what):
-                runtime_error (_what)
-            { ; }
-    };
-
-
-    class unavailable_error : public std::runtime_error {
-        public:
-            explicit unavailable_error (const std::string &_what):
-                    runtime_error (_what)
-            { ; }
-    };
-
-
-    /// An exception class used for reporting errors signalled by errno.
-    class errno_error : public std::runtime_error {
-    public:
-        explicit errno_error (int code);
-        errno_error ();
-
-        int code (void) const;
-        static int last_code (void);
-
-        static void try_code (void);
-        static void try_code (int code);
-
-        static void throw_code [[gnu::noreturn]] (void);
-        static void throw_code [[gnu::noreturn]] (int code);
-
-    private:
-        int m_code;
-    };
-}
-
-#if defined(PLATFORM_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-
-namespace  util {
-    class win32_error : public std::runtime_error {
-    public:
-        explicit win32_error (DWORD _code);
-        win32_error ();
-
-        DWORD code (void) const;
-        static DWORD last_code (void);
-
-        static void try_code (void);
-        static void try_code (DWORD);
-
-        static void throw_code [[gnu::noreturn]] (void);
-        static void throw_code [[gnu::noreturn]] (DWORD);
-
-        static std::string code_string (void);
-        static std::string code_string (DWORD);
-
-    private:
-        DWORD m_code;
-    };
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
diff --git a/exe_linux.cpp b/exe_linux.cpp
index 6a29de99..78e5ff86 100644
--- a/exe_linux.cpp
+++ b/exe_linux.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "exe.hpp"
 
-#include "except.hpp"
 #include "cast.hpp"
+#include "posix/except.hpp"
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <experimental/filesystem>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ util::image_path (void)
 retry:
     const auto written = readlink (PROC_SELF, resolved.data (), resolved.size ());
     if (written < 0)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     if (sign_cast<size_t> (written) == resolved.size ()) {
         resolved.resize (resolved.size () * 2);
diff --git a/exe_win32.cpp b/exe_win32.cpp
index b67f69d9..b28abae1 100644
--- a/exe_win32.cpp
+++ b/exe_win32.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "exe.hpp"
 
 #include "except.hpp"
+#incldue "win32/except.hpp"
 
 #include <experimental/filesystem>
 #include <vector>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ util::image_path (void)
 retry:
         const auto written = GetModuleFileName (nullptr, resolved.data (), resolved.size ());
         if (written == 0)
-            win32_error::throw_code ();
+            win32::error::throw_code ();
 
         if (written == resolved.size ()) {
             resolved.resize (resolved.size () * 2);
diff --git a/io.cpp b/io.cpp
index 218e3a10..11d7714c 100644
--- a/io.cpp
+++ b/io.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 #include "io.hpp"
 
 #include "debug.hpp"
-#include "except.hpp"
 #include "cast.hpp"
+#include "posix/except.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -44,12 +44,9 @@ util::slurp (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &path)
     posix::fd out (path, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 
     // Calculate the total file size
-    off_t size = lseek (out, 0, SEEK_END);
-    if (size == (off_t)-1)
-        throw errno_error();
+    off_t size = posix::error::try_value (lseek (out, 0, SEEK_END));
 
-    if (lseek (out, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
-        throw errno_error ();
+    posix::error::try_value (lseek (out, 0, SEEK_SET));
 
     // Allocate a buffer, and keep reading until it's full.
     std::vector<T> buffer (size);
@@ -59,9 +56,10 @@ util::slurp (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &path)
     T *cursor = buffer.data ();
 
     while (remaining) {
-        ssize_t consumed = ::read (out, cursor, remaining);
-        if (consumed == -1)
-            throw errno_error();
+        ssize_t consumed = posix::error::try_value(
+            ::read (out, cursor, remaining)
+        );
+
         CHECK_GT (        consumed, 0);
         CHECK_LE ((size_t)consumed, remaining);
 
@@ -89,13 +87,10 @@ util::slurp (FILE *stream)
     );
 
     // find how much data is in this file
-    const int desc = fileno (stream);
-    if (desc < 0)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+    const int desc = util::posix::error::try_value (fileno (stream));
 
     struct stat meta;
-    if (fstat (desc, &meta) < 0)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+    posix::error::try_value (fstat (desc, &meta));
 
     std::vector<T> buf;
 
@@ -144,9 +139,7 @@ util::write (const posix::fd &out,
     size_t remaining = bytes;
 
     while (remaining) {
-        ssize_t consumed = ::write (out, cursor, remaining);
-        if (consumed < 0)
-            errno_error::throw_code ();
+        ssize_t consumed = posix::error::try_value (::write (out, cursor, remaining));
 
         remaining -= sign_cast<size_t> (consumed);
         cursor    += sign_cast<size_t> (consumed);
@@ -198,7 +191,7 @@ scoped_cwd::scoped_cwd ()
     m_original.resize (16);
     while (getcwd (&m_original[0], m_original.size ()) == nullptr && errno == ERANGE)
         m_original.resize (m_original.size () * 2);
-    errno_error::try_code ();
+    posix::error::try_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -206,7 +199,7 @@ scoped_cwd::scoped_cwd ()
 scoped_cwd::~scoped_cwd ()
 {
     if (!chdir (m_original.c_str ()))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
diff --git a/io_posix.cpp b/io_posix.cpp
index b5455e67..e865c8af 100644
--- a/io_posix.cpp
+++ b/io_posix.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "cast.hpp"
 #include "debug.hpp"
-#include "except.hpp"
 #include "posix/fd.hpp"
+#include "posix/except.hpp"
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
@@ -38,13 +38,12 @@ mapped_file::mapped_file (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &path,
 mapped_file::mapped_file (const ::util::posix::fd &src, int mflags)
 {
     struct stat meta;
-    if (fstat (src, &meta) < 0)
-        throw errno_error ();
+    ::util::posix::error::try_value (fstat (src, &meta));
 
     m_size = sign_cast<size_t> (meta.st_size);
     m_data = (uint8_t *)mmap (NULL, m_size, mflags, MAP_SHARED, src, 0);
     if (m_data == MAP_FAILED)
-        throw errno_error ();
+        ::util::posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
diff --git a/io_win32.cpp b/io_win32.cpp
index bd08b1a2..c83de38e 100644
--- a/io_win32.cpp
+++ b/io_win32.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "debug.hpp"
 #include "except.hpp"
+#include "win32/error.hpp"
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
@@ -94,11 +95,11 @@ mapped_file::mapped_file (::util::win32::handle &&src,
     // hell. Try not to collapse, but instead bail with a null mapping and
     // pray the user doesn't do something stupid with the result.
     if (!m_mapping) {
-        auto err = win32_error::last_code ();
+        auto err = win32::error::last_code ();
         if (err == ERROR_FILE_INVALID && m_size == 0)
             return;
 
-        win32_error::throw_code (err);
+        win32::error::throw_code (err);
     }
 
     auto view = MapViewOfFile (
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ mapped_file::mapped_file (::util::win32::handle &&src,
     );
 
     if (!view)
-        win32_error::throw_code ();
+        win32::error::throw_code ();
 
     m_data.reset (
         static_cast<unsigned char*> (view)
diff --git a/library_win32.cpp b/library_win32.cpp
index 7397f8b3..3a4af1f0 100644
--- a/library_win32.cpp
+++ b/library_win32.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "library_win32.hpp"
 
-#include "except.hpp"
+#include "win32/except.hpp"
 
 using util::detail::win32::library;
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ library::library (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &path):
     m_handle (LoadLibraryA (path.c_str ()))
 {
     if (!m_handle)
-        win32_error::throw_code ();
+        win32::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
diff --git a/memory/buffer/circular.cpp b/memory/buffer/circular.cpp
index b7ce6209..cd447e20 100644
--- a/memory/buffer/circular.cpp
+++ b/memory/buffer/circular.cpp
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 
 #include "circular.hpp"
 
-#include "../system.hpp"
 #include "../../debug.hpp"
-#include "../../except.hpp"
 #include "../../maths.hpp"
+#include "../../posix/except.hpp"
 #include "../../raii.hpp"
 #include "../../random.hpp"
+#include "../system.hpp"
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ circular::circular (size_t bytes)
 
     // embiggen to the desired size
     if (ftruncate (fd, bytes))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     // pre-allocate a sufficiently large virtual memory block. it doesn't
     // matter much what flags we use because we'll just be overwriting it
     // shortly.
     m_begin = reinterpret_cast<char*> (mmap (nullptr, bytes * 2, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0));
     if (MAP_FAILED == m_begin)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     // preemptively setup an unmapping object in case the remapping fails
     util::scoped_function unmapper ([this, bytes] (void) { munmap (m_begin, bytes); });
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ circular::circular (size_t bytes)
     m_end   = reinterpret_cast<char*> (mmap (m_begin + bytes, bytes, prot, flag, fd, 0));
 
     if (m_begin == MAP_FAILED || m_end == MAP_FAILED)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     // all went well, disarm the failsafe
     unmapper.clear ();
diff --git a/memory/buffer/paged.cpp b/memory/buffer/paged.cpp
index 2494a978..28bc141f 100644
--- a/memory/buffer/paged.cpp
+++ b/memory/buffer/paged.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 #include "paged.hpp"
 
-#include "../system.hpp"
-#include "../../except.hpp"
+#include "../../cast.hpp"
 #include "../../maths.hpp"
 #include "../../pointer.hpp"
-#include "../../cast.hpp"
+#include "../../posix/except.hpp"
+#include "../system.hpp"
 
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ paged::paged (size_t bytes, size_t _window):
     );
 
     if (m_begin == MAP_FAILED)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     // remap the initial window with read/write permissions
     m_cursor = m_begin + round_up (min (m_window, bytes), pagesize ());
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ paged::paged (size_t bytes, size_t _window):
                             m_cursor - m_begin,
                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                             MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     // record the nominal end address
     m_end = m_begin + round_up (bytes, pagesize ());
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ paged::commit (char *cursor)
                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                             MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                             -1, 0))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     m_cursor = cursor;
 }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ paged::release (char *desired)
                             PROT_NONE,
                             MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                             -1, 0))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        posix::error::throw_code ();
 
     m_cursor = desired;
 }
diff --git a/memory/system.cpp b/memory/system.cpp
index acf4eefb..dcd365af 100644
--- a/memory/system.cpp
+++ b/memory/system.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "system.hpp"
 
-#include "../except.hpp"
 #include "../cast.hpp"
+#include "../posix/except.hpp"
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -28,11 +28,7 @@ util::memory::pagesize (void)
     static size_t val;
 
     if (!val) {
-        auto res = sysconf (_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
-        if (res == -1)
-            errno_error::throw_code ();
-
-        val = sign_cast<unsigned long> (res);
+        val = sign_cast<unsigned long> (posix::error::try_value (sysconf (_SC_PAGE_SIZE)));
     }
 
     return val;
diff --git a/posix/dir.cpp b/posix/dir.cpp
index e8e3fce6..36f37570 100644
--- a/posix/dir.cpp
+++ b/posix/dir.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "dir.hpp"
 
-#include "../except.hpp"
+#include "except.hpp"
 
 using util::posix::dir;
 
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ dir::dir (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &p):
     m_handle (::opendir (p.c_str ()))
 {
     if (!m_handle)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 dir::~dir ()
 {
-    errno_error::try_code (closedir (m_handle));
+    error::try_code (closedir (m_handle));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/posix/dir.ipp b/posix/dir.ipp
index 80508cfd..a2e05053 100644
--- a/posix/dir.ipp
+++ b/posix/dir.ipp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * Copyright 2015-2016 Danny Robson <danny@nerdcruft.net>
  */
 
-#include "../except.hpp"
+#include "except.hpp"
 
 #include <cerrno>
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ util::posix::dir::scan(std::function<void(const std::experimental::filesystem::p
     for (dirent *cursor; errno = 0, cursor = readdir (m_handle); )
         cb (cursor->d_name, args...);
 
-    errno_error::try_code ();
+    error::try_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ util::posix::dir::scan (void (*cb) (const std::experimental::filesystem::path&,
     for (dirent *cursor; errno = 0, cursor = readdir (m_handle); )
         cb (cursor->d_name, args...);
 
-    errno_error::try_code ();
+    error::try_code ();
 }
diff --git a/posix/fd.cpp b/posix/fd.cpp
index 9bee1779..8bfa6427 100644
--- a/posix/fd.cpp
+++ b/posix/fd.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "fd.hpp"
 
-#include "../except.hpp"
+#include "except.hpp"
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fd::fd (const std::experimental::filesystem::path &path, int flags, mode_t mode)
     m_fd (::open (path.c_str (), flags, mode))
 {
     if (m_fd < 0)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fd::dup (int _fd)
 {
     auto res = ::dup (_fd);
     if (res < 0)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
 
     return fd (res);
 }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fd::~fd ()
         return;
 
     if (close (m_fd))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fd::stat (void) const
 {
     struct stat buf;
     if (fstat (m_fd, &buf))
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
     return buf;
 }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fd::read (void *buffer, size_t count)
 {
     auto res = ::read (m_fd, buffer, count);
     if (res == -1)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ fd::write (const void *buffer, size_t count)
 {
     auto res = ::write (m_fd, buffer, count);
     if (res == -1)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ fd::lseek (off_t offset, int whence)
 {
     auto res = ::lseek (m_fd, offset, whence);
     if (res == -1)
-        errno_error::throw_code ();
+        error::throw_code ();
     return res;
 }
 
diff --git a/posix/map.cpp b/posix/map.cpp
index 5fe86c21..c5da1d11 100644
--- a/posix/map.cpp
+++ b/posix/map.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "map.hpp"
 
-#include "../except.hpp"
+#include "posix/except.hpp"
 
 using util::posix::map;
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ map::map (size_t size, int prot, int flags):
     m_size (size)
 {
     if (MAP_FAILED == m_addr)
-        ::util::errno_error::throw_code ();
+        ::util::posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ map::map (size_t size, int prot, int flags, const fd &src, off_t offset):
     m_size (size)
 {
     if (MAP_FAILED == m_addr)
-        ::util::errno_error::throw_code ();
+        ::util::posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ map::~map ()
         return;
 
     if (munmap (m_addr, m_size))
-        ::util::errno_error::throw_code ();
+        ::util::posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
 
 
@@ -136,5 +136,5 @@ map::resize (size_t newsize, resize_t op)
 
     auto res = mremap (m_addr, m_size, newsize, flags);
     if (res == MAP_FAILED)
-        ::util::errno_error::throw_code ();
+        ::util::posix::error::throw_code ();
 }
diff --git a/win32/registry.cpp b/win32/registry.cpp
index 039ad346..b21c3b05 100644
--- a/win32/registry.cpp
+++ b/win32/registry.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "registry.hpp"
 
+#include "error.hpp"
 #include "../debug.hpp"
 #include "../except.hpp"
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ template <> constexpr DWORD restrict_to_id<std::string> (void) { return RRF_RT_R
 key::key (HKEY root, const char *child, REGSAM rights)
 {
     auto err = RegOpenKeyEx (root, child, 0, rights, &m_handle);
-    win32_error::try_code (err);
+    win32::error::try_code (err);
 }
 
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ key::key (HKEY root, const char *child, REGSAM rights)
 key::~key ()
 {
     auto err = RegCloseKey (m_handle);
-    win32_error::try_code (err);
+    win32::error::try_code (err);
 }
 
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ key::data (const char *name) const
     DWORD size = sizeof (value);
 
     auto err = RegGetValue (m_handle, name, &value, restrict_to_id<T> (), nullptr, &value, &size);
-    win32_error::try_code (err);
+    win32::error::try_code (err);
 
     return value;
 }
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ key::values (void) const
         if (ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS == err)
             return all;
         if (ERROR_SUCCESS != err)
-            win32_error::throw_code (err);
+            win32::error::throw_code (err);
 
         CHECK_GT (size, 0u);
         name.resize (size - 1);