diff --git a/point.cpp b/point.cpp
index bc186792..e2630171 100644
--- a/point.cpp
+++ b/point.cpp
@@ -22,16 +22,15 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
-using namespace std;
+using util::point;
 
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template <size_t S, typename T>
 util::vector<S,T>
-util::point<S,T>::to (const point<S,T> &rhs) const
+util::point<S,T>::to (point<S,T> rhs) const
 {
     util::vector<S,T> out;
-
     for (size_t i = 0; i < S; ++i)
         out.data[i] = rhs.data[i] - this->data[i];
     return out;
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ util::point<S,T>::to (const point<S,T> &rhs) const
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 template <size_t S, typename T>
 util::vector<S,T>
-util::point<S,T>::from (const point<S,T> &rhs) const
+util::point<S,T>::from (point<S,T> rhs) const
 {
     util::vector<S,T> out;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < S; ++i)
@@ -53,10 +52,11 @@ util::point<S,T>::from (const point<S,T> &rhs) const
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 template <size_t S, typename T>
 void
-util::point<S,T>::sanity (void) const {
-    CHECK (std::all_of (begin (this->data),
-                        end   (this->data),
-                        [] (double i) { return !std::isnan (i); }));
+util::point<S,T>::sanity (void) const
+{
+    CHECK (std::all_of (this->begin (),
+                        this->end (),
+                        [] (auto i) { return !std::isnan (i); }));
 }
 
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ const util::point<S,T> util::point<S,T>::ORIGIN (T {0});
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 template <size_t S, typename T>
 std::ostream&
-util::operator<< (std::ostream &os, const util::point<S,T> &p) {
+util::operator<< (std::ostream &os, util::point<S,T> p) {
     os << "point" << S << "(";
     os << p.data[0];
 
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ util::operator<< (std::ostream &os, const util::point<S,T> &p) {
 
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define INSTANTIATE_S_T(S,T)                                                            \
-template struct util::point<S,T>;                                                       \
-template std::ostream& util::operator<< (std::ostream &os, const util::point<S,T>&);    \
+#define INSTANTIATE_S_T(S,T)                                                    \
+template struct util::point<S,T>;                                               \
+template std::ostream& util::operator<< (std::ostream &os, util::point<S,T>);   \
 
 #define INSTANTIATE(T)  \
 INSTANTIATE_S_T(1,T)    \
diff --git a/point.hpp b/point.hpp
index f93912e4..bc40e09a 100644
--- a/point.hpp
+++ b/point.hpp
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ namespace util {
         using coord::base<S,T,util::point,coord::xyzw>::base;
 
         // point operators
-        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type distance  (const point<S,U> &) const;
-        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type distance2 (const point<S,U> &) const;
-        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type manhattan (const point<S,U> &) const;
+        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type distance  (point<S,U>) const;
+        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type distance2 (point<S,U>) const;
+        template <typename U> typename std::common_type<T,U>::type manhattan (point<S,U>) const;
 
-        vector<S,T> to (const point&) const;
-        vector<S,T> from (const point&) const;
+        vector<S,T> to (point) const;
+        vector<S,T> from (point) const;
 
         template <size_t D> point<D,T> homog (void) const;
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace util {
 
     // iostream operators
     template <size_t S, typename T>
-    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream&, const point<S,T>&);
+    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream&, point<S,T>);
 
     // Convenience typedefs
     typedef point<2,float> point2f;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace util {
 namespace std {
     template <size_t S, typename T>
     struct hash<util::point<S,T>> {
-        size_t operator() (const util::point<S,T> &p) const {
+        size_t operator() (util::point<S,T> p) const {
             std::hash<T> h;
 
             size_t k = 0;
diff --git a/point.ipp b/point.ipp
index a31720b4..dba6dadd 100644
--- a/point.ipp
+++ b/point.ipp
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ namespace util {
     template <size_t S, typename T>
     template <typename U>
     typename std::common_type<T,U>::type
-    util::point<S,T>::distance (const point<S,U> &rhs) const {
+    util::point<S,T>::distance (point<S,U> rhs) const
+    {
         return std::sqrt (distance2 (rhs));
     }
 
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@ namespace util {
     template <size_t S, typename T>
     template <typename U>
     typename std::common_type<T,U>::type
-    util::point<S,T>::distance2 (const point<S,U> &rhs) const {
+    util::point<S,T>::distance2 (point<S,U> rhs) const
+    {
         typedef typename std::common_type<T,U>::type result_t;
 
         result_t sum { 0 };
@@ -48,7 +50,8 @@ namespace util {
     template <size_t S, typename T>
     template <typename U>
     typename std::common_type<T,U>::type
-    util::point<S,T>::manhattan (const point<S,U> &rhs) const {
+    util::point<S,T>::manhattan (point<S,U> rhs) const
+    {
         typedef typename std::common_type<T,U>::type result_t;
 
         result_t sum { 0 };