libcruft-util/uri.hpp

/*
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 *
 * Copyright 2015, 2017, 2021 Danny Robson <danny@nerdcruft.net>
 */

#pragma once

#include "debug/assert.hpp"
#include "view.hpp"

#include <array>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <map>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>


namespace cruft {
    // parsing of rfc3986 uniform resource identifiers
    //
    // does not currently perform normalisation (scheme or protocol),
    // comparison, or other associated operations. though these should be
    // added in the future.
    //
    // note that the parsed results may not always conform to expectations
    // for some protocols. eg, mailto identifiers are complex to parse
    // reliably and would require a specialised parser to be reliable.
    //
    // not all fields will be present for all protocols (or all instances of
    // any given protocol). eg, the "tel" is unlikely to have port numbers.
    class uri {
    public:
        uri (std::string &&);
        uri& operator= (uri &&) noexcept;

        uri (uri const&);
        uri& operator= (uri const&);

        uri (const std::string&);
        uri (const char *);
        uri (view<const char *>);

        uri (
            std::string_view scheme,
            std::string_view authority,
            std::string_view path,
            std::string_view query,
            std::string_view fragment
        );


        class parse_error : public std::runtime_error
        { using runtime_error::runtime_error; };


        // URI:     'https://user:password@example.com:80/path/to?foo=bar#fragment'
        //
        // SCHEME:          'https'
        // HIERARCHICAL:    'user:password@example.com:80/path/to'
        // AUTHORITY:       'user:password@example.com:80'
        // USER:            'user:password'
        // HOST:            'example.com'
        // PORT:            '80'
        // PATH:            '/path/to'
        // QUERY:           'foo=bar'
        // FRAGMENT:        'fragment'
        enum component {
            /* 0 */ SCHEME,
            /* 1 */ HIERARCHICAL,
            /* 2 */     AUTHORITY,
            /* 3 */         USER,
            /* 4 */         HOST,
            /* 5 */         PORT,
            /* 6 */     PATH,
            /* 7 */ QUERY,
            /* 8 */ FRAGMENT,

            NUM_COMPONENTS
        };

        std::string_view
        get (component c) const&;

        void set (component c, std::string_view);

        std::string_view all (void) const& { return m_value; }
        std::string const& value (void) const& { return m_value; }

        std::string_view scheme (void) const& { return get (SCHEME); }
        std::string_view heirarchical (void) const& { return get (HIERARCHICAL); }
        std::string_view authority (void) const& { return get (AUTHORITY); }
        std::string_view user (void) const& { return get (USER); }
        std::string_view host (void) const& { return get (HOST); }
        std::string_view port (void) const& { return get (PORT); }
        std::string_view path (void) const& { return get (PATH); }
        std::string_view query (void) const& { return get (QUERY); }
        std::string_view fragment (void) const& { return get (FRAGMENT); }

        // void clear (component);
        void clear_fragment (void);

        auto components (void) const& noexcept { return m_views; }

        static std::string percent_decode (view<const char*>);

    private:
        void parse (void);

        std::array<view<const char*>, NUM_COMPONENTS> m_views;
        std::string m_value;
    };

    std::map<std::string, std::string> query_to_map (std::string_view);
    std::string map_to_query (std::map<std::string, std::string> const&);

    bool operator== (uri const&, uri const&) noexcept;

    cruft::uri resolve (cruft::uri const &base, cruft::uri const &child);
    cruft::uri normalise (cruft::uri const &);

    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream&, uri const&);
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream&, uri::component);
}